4g Technology Abstract Pdf Free Download

Third generation (3G) mobile networks faces a new rival; so called 4G. An astonishingly new network may be even more profitable. The goal of 4G is to replace the current proliferation of core cellular networks, with a single worldwide cellular core network based on standard IP for control and media. In the Asian Union, the debate on 4G mobile has spawned the vision of a system that enables an "Always Best Connected" mode of communication for the citizen of forthcoming information society. This integrated 4G mobile system provides wireless users an affordable broadband mobile access solution for several applications. This paper describes some of the key opportunities that will be made available by 4G networks, present key challenges, and some proposed solutions. However this paper emphasizes on the technology involved in making 4G a success. Finally we conclude with the futuristic views for this emerging technology.

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME)

ISSN (Online): 2455 – 5630

(www.rdmodernresearch.com) Volume I, Issue II, 2016

4G TECHNOLOGY

Sumukh Bhandarkar* & Ranjana Kammar**

* Computer Science Department – Shri Dharmasthala

Manjunatheshwara College of Engineering and Technology,

Dharwad, Karnataka

** BBA – KLE College of Business Administration, Hubli, Karnataka

Abstract:

Third generation (3G) mobile networks faces a new rival; so called 4G. An

astonishingly new network may be even more profitable. The goal of 4G is to replace the

current proliferation of core cellular networks, with a single worldwide cellular core

network based on standard IP for control and media. In the Asian Union, the debate on 4G

mobile has spawned the vision of a system that enables an "Always Best Connected" mode

of communication for the citizen of forthcoming information society. This integrated 4G

mobile system provides wireless users an affordable broadband mobile access solution for

several applications. This paper describes some of the key opportunities that will be made

available by 4G networks, present key challenges, and some proposed solutions. However

this paper emphasizes on the technology involved in making 4G a success. Finally we

conclude with the futuristic views for this emerging technology.

Index Terms: MIMO; OFDM; LTE; WiMAX; Security and Challenges; History of 4G &

Architecture of 4G

1. Introduction:

Wireless technologies have transformed our lives greatly. Until a few years back,

we needed a wired computer connected to telephonic ports to get internet access.

Nowadays, mobile phones are used for super-fast internet, with applications ranging

from banking to movie ticketing. This wireless technology helps reduce cost and also

increases mobility. Devices are shrinking in terms of their size and are growing in

processing speeds. 4G is the fourth generation of broadband mobile technology after 3G.

All 4G technologies and other future technologies will serve the same expectation, i.e.: to

provide enormously high data transfer rates to excessive number of users at the same

time. 0G (zero generation) was the earliest form of internet technology, which was

developed in early 1980s. Usually vehicle mounted, they had huge trans-receivers and

dials. 1G (first generation) was more popularly known to cell phones using which

telephonic communication was possible. Also known as Frequency Division Multiple

Access (FDMA). Signals would be transmitted between radio towers with higher

bandwidth of 150 MHz.

2G (second generation) digitalized the voice signal. Digitalizing helped to

compress the signal which was much more efficient than analog systems, allowing the

transfer of more packets into the same bandwidth and less power. Provided the service

of Short Message Service (SMS). It was divided into Time Division Multiple Access

(TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA). Based on TDMA, Global System for

Mobile communications (GSM) was the first European standard for 2G telephony.

Several other versions of the 2G communication were 2.5 GPRS and 2.75 EDGE. 3G

(third generation) integrated voice and data applications. They also offer greater end to

end security than their predecessors. However some flaws have been found in the

security of 3G. Global Positioning System (GPS) was the biggest application under 3G

technology.

In section II and III, we summarize the need for 4G technology. In section IV we

present the challenges faced and overcome by 4G systems. Section V shows the

International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME)

ISSN (Online): 2455 – 5630

(www.rdmodernresearch.com) Volume I, Issue II, 2016

technology used for the 4G to develop. Lastly section VI presents weaknesses of this

system followed by future expectations and research in section VII.

2. 4G Technology:

Definition:

It is basically an extended version of the earlier 3G technology with more

bandwidth and services than that of its predecessor. From the consumers point of view,

4G is more of a marketing term more than a technical specification, while carriers fee l

justified in using the 4G label because it lets the customer know that he can expect high

speed of data transfer. The expectation from 4G is high audio / video streaming over

end to end Internet Protocol. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is sometimes also called 4G,

which will be able to provide 150Mbps rates download rates for moving users and

1Gbps for stationary users. Though the exact definition is not yet known, we can say "4G

is the fourth generation of wireless technology, for mobile multimedia, anytime

anywhere with global support and integrated customized personal service."

Features Provided by 4G:

The main features of 4G services which are of interest to users are application

adaptability and high dynamism users traffic, radio environment, air interfaces and

quality of services.

 Support for interactive media, voice and video streaming, gaming, internet and

other broadband services.

 IP based mobile system.

 High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.

 Global access, service portability and scaling mobile services

 Avoidance of congestion.

 Seamless network of multiple protocols. Since 4G will all IP, it will be compatible

with all common network technologies.

 Infrastructure to handle pre-existing 3G systems, along with other analog

wireless technologies.

3. Need and Opportunity for 4G:

In general it is believed that 4G network is designed to facilitate development of

superior alternative to the existing 3G strategies in terms of quality and data

transmission rates. 4G promises to bring wireless experience to an entirely new level

with impressive user applications, such as sophisticated graphical user interface, high-

end gaming, high definition video streaming and high performance. With this

perspective it is very important for new data network to meet the expected demands of

consumer and different industries, which have come to depend upon high-speed data

networks with minimal interruptions for variety of needs.

4. Challenges:

Security:

The goals for security with respect to communication networks is to ensure that

the information being generated and transmitted by the users is protected against

misuse and misappropriation. Because of the nature of the network there are increased

likelihoods of security attacks, therefore multiple levels of security includes the

increased requirement for authentication. The encryption and decryption followed by

3G cannot be used in 4G systems due to the introduction of new devices. However these

security issues can be overcome in two ways:

 Modify the existing security and privacy methods so that they will be applicable

to heterogeneous 4G networks.

International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME)

ISSN (Online): 2455 – 5630

(www.rdmodernresearch.com) Volume I, Issue II, 2016

 The other way is to develop new dynamic re configurable, adaptive and

lightweight mechanisms whenever the currently used mechanism cannot be

used for 4G systems.

Quality of Service:

With respect to network quality, telecommunication providers are promising

that there will be enhanced connectivity and quality of transmitted data will be highest.

With real time performance, 10 times higher data transfer rates as compared to mobile

broadband networks, users can be connected even on the move. The main challenge

faced by many telecommunication providers is merging IP based devices and non IP

based devices. 4G service is working on serving both the devices.

Devices supporting 4G:

In 4G supportive devices, due to large number of transmitters and receivers, the

battery seems to run off quite quickly. With the help of Large Scale Integration devices

are also becoming smaller in size. Hence to design devices with enhanced battery life, a

much powerful Li-on battery was made to increase the battery backup. However the

size of the device would also increase. Other solutions were to develop a fast charger for

such devices. Constant voltage charging was introduced in an attempt to force the

battery voltage to a pre-set value.

5. Complex Architecture:

By comparison, 4G systems provide faster data transfer rates compared to its

predecessors. Most importantly network connections are strong even when the user is

on the move and towers locations are changing. Technologies that contribute to the 4G

system include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which are

designed to carry more data by splitting radio signals that are broadcast over different

frequencies and are immune to interference. The data transfer rates depends on

number of available channels to be used. These channels are now cleaner thanks to

adaptive processing which detects interference on a channel and improves reception by

actively switching channels. 4G systems also use the smart antenna technologies which

is used to aim the radio signal in the direction of the receiver from the base station.

When teamed up, adaptive processing and multiple antennas help to nullify all kinds of

interference in the channels.

Due to limitations in Quality of Service (QoS), Wi-Fi falls short as wireless

technology which led to the advent of WiMAX and LTE which are stronger than Wi-Fi.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology has been developed by the Third Generation

Partnership Project (3GPP) as an improvement to the current Universal Mobile

Telecommunication systems. Based on Point to Multipoint connection systems, both

WiMAX and LTE provide broadband wireless service. Through Base Stations (BS),

Mobile Subscribers (MS) smart phones / laptops get connected to the internet, while BS

controls the channel access of mobile subscribers. Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

and Time Division Duplex (TDD) are supported by WiMAX and LTE.

In TDD, a cell operates in same frequency with separation in uplink and downlink

transmission time.

LTE Network Architecture: It also provides a IP based architecture. It cannot

meet enterprise security needs and authentication is done using IMEI and SIM details.

An enhanced security method has been proposed which not only authenticates identity

but also enterprise certificates. By using OFDM, and 2x2 multiple antennas for Multiple

Input - Multiple Output (MIMO), this system can provide upto 150Mbps data transfer

speed. The high bandwidth provides ideal mode for data transport. The OFDM allocates

network resources to multiple users and provide high quality multimedia. 4G also

International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME)

ISSN (Online): 2455 – 5630

(www.rdmodernresearch.com) Volume I, Issue II, 2016

supports low latency data transmission. It is an entirely packet switched network with

digital network elements. It supports global mobility and service portability. \

Due to its ability to handle multipaths, 4G systems have adopted OFDM as their

base technologies. This OFDM helps to split resources into smaller granular units which

can be then allocated to different services as required. OFDM is considered vital for

achieving high spectral efficiency in wireless 4G networks.

6. Weakness of 4G Technology:

Although the speed of wireless and web-based applications would tremendously

increase, it would not occur without a fee. This fee is not unusually high however, with

the reduction in this fee comes cheap deployment of this technology which can disrupt

the channels.

Also since many people are being connected over this network, they need to be

aware of the security threats they are opposing on themselves.

Research will be done on how to increase the battery life for these 4G supported

devices.

Some research will be required in knowing the risk of having a 4G enabled

gadget and getting infected by viruses and tracking of cookies in this IP based system.

7. Future of 4G:

4G evolution still awaits India. Drastic changes and improvements from 3G is a

priority and needs to be addressed. But if done intelligently and thoroughly, 4G holds

enormous potential for India and can create an IT boom, key to Indian Economy.

However other newer technologies such as 5G, 6G and 7G are being thought about. This

will be a very intelligent system and connect the world without limits. 4G tech is not

only more efficient, stable, scalable and reliable, but also provide a wider variety of

services. These opportunities come with the need to rethink about security, privacy,

architect and billing technologies. Newer technologies are working on such challenges

and will overcome them. We hope that this paper helps build a stronger link between

people working in different fields creating future concepts of mobile communication,

Internet services etc.

8. References:

1. International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology (IJAST) Vol2, Issue

1 (March 2014) - Review paper on 4G Technology.

2. Shivani Harnal, IJAST - Analysis on 4G Technology

3. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Sciences Emerging

fields in 4G tech and its applications - Bhattacharya.

4. Wikipedia - 4G Technology, Indian Telecom Spectrum Auction, 3G Technology,

3GPP.

5. P.Taylor, AT&T to roll out 4G 2009

6. 3GPP 23.107 v.5.9.0 "Quality of Service (QoS) Concepts and Architecture" , June

2003

7. Accenture, Accenture 4G Acceleration Solutions, 2009

8. J. Chavis, What is a 4G network, 2009

9. Leo Yi, Kai Miao, Adrian Liu " A Comparative Study of WiMAX and LTE as the next

generation mobile enterprise" Feb 13~16, 2011 ICACT

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

Leo Yi
Kai Miao
Adrian Liu

WiFi falls short in being a wireless technology for the enterprise due to its limitations in QoS support and coverage range. In comparison, WiMAX and LTE are much more capable, thus presenting themselves as strong candidates as the next generation mobile technologies for the enterprise. Known as 4G wireless technologies, WiMAX and LTE resemble each other in some key aspects including operating in licensed spectrum bands, high capacity, wide coverage range, and strong QoS mechanisms. However, having evolved from different origins, these two technologies also differ from each other in certain aspects. In this paper, we first present the compelling usages of WiMAX and LTE as the next generation mobile enterprise networks and then focus on an analysis of the differences between WiMAX and LTE from a perspective of enterprise network requirements. In particular, by integrating WiMAX with the current enterprise network in a recent effort, we developed detailed knowledge about security mechanisms in the enterprise network today, which allows us to carry out comprehensive comparisons between WiMAX and LTE against enterprise requirements. In WiMAX, the authentication process, which uses either EAP_TTLS or EAP_TLS, allows an enterprise to use private certificates and enterprise controlled username and password, directly integrated in the authentication process. In LTE, however, the authentication process, which uses either EAP_AKA or UMTS_AKA, requires new ways to integrate enterprise credentials and authentication server to IT security infrastructure because the AKA authentication method is designed for telecom consumer market and usage. In addition, we will also present overall architectures to illustrate how WiMAX and LTE can fit in an enterprise network environment.

IJAST -Analysis on 4G Technology 3. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Sciences Emerging fields in 4G tech and its applications -Bhattacharya

Shivani Harnal

Shivani Harnal, IJAST -Analysis on 4G Technology 3. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Sciences Emerging fields in 4G tech and its applications -Bhattacharya.